Mother's Day
한국의 어버이날인 오늘 미국에는 5월 두번째 일요일에 어머니날이 다가옵니다. 며칠 안남았네요. 미국은 어머니날(Mother's Day), 아버지날(Father's day) 따로 지낸답니다. 같은 날이면 좋을 것 같다는 생각이 자식 입장에서 들 것 같은데 부모님 입장에는 바쁜 현대 생활에서 다 큰 자식들 얼굴을 한 번 더 보니 기쁘실 것 같구요. 어린이날이 따로 없어서 미국에 사는 아이들은 한국의 어린이날을 부러워하는데요. 내 생각에는 '매일매일 어린이날 같이 지내서가 아닐까'라고 생각해 봅니다. 아이들 교육에 최고라는 자부심이 미국에 있지 않을까요? 오늘은 미국의 어머니날을 주제로한 여러 정보 묶어봤어요. 영어 공부 하시는 분들을 위해 영문 자료도 올려봅니다. 행복한 가정의 달 되십시요.
관련 자료 모음
[미국 생활 엿보기] 어머니의 날 (Mother's Day)
미국생활 엿보기 시간입니다. 김현숙 기자 함께 했습니다. 안녕하십니까?
- 안녕하십니까? 나실제 괴로움 다 잊으시고, 기르실제 밤낮으로 애쓰는 마음, 진자리 마른 자리 갈아 뉘시며, 손발이 다 닳도록 고생하시네. 하늘아래 그 무엇이 높다 하리요, 어머님의 희생은 가이 없어라.
'어머니 마음' 이라는 한국 가곡 아닌가요? 가사만 들어도 마음이 찡해지는게 어머니 생각을 절로 나게 만드네요.
-그렇죠? 세상에 참 많은 나라와 민족이 있고 각기 다른 문화와 사상을 갖고 살아가 지만 이 어머니에 대한 사랑은 크게 다르지 않을 겁니다. 생각만 해도 마음 한편이 아련해 지는 이름. 어머니. 그런데 미국인들도 어머니, Mother를 아주 특별하게 생각하는 것 같더라구요.
미국인들의 어머니 사랑이라. 오늘은 미국인들의 Mother's Day 즉 어머니의 날 이야기가 펼쳐질건가요?
-네. 맞습니다. 미국에서는 매년 5월 두번째 일요일이 어머니날인데 올해는 10일이었죠. 어머니가 베풀어 주신 사랑과 은혜에 감사하는 날로, 많은 미국인들은 이날 어머니와 함께 시간을 보내며 감사의 마음을 표현하느라 분주한 날을 보냈습니다.
Mothers Through the Eyes, and the Years, of TV and Movie Makers
03 May, 2009
Welcome to THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English. I'm Barbara Klein. And I'm Steve Ember. This week, our subject is mothers and how their image has changed over the years in film and television.
In the United States and a number of other countries, the second Sunday in May is celebrated as Mother's Day.
Early in the nineteen hundreds, a woman named Anna Jarvis began a campaign to honor mothers in America. She talked to friends and friends of friends. She wrote to congressmen, local leaders, teachers and newspaper publishers.
Finally, President Woodrow Wilson signed a resolution in May of nineteen fourteen that officially established Mother's Day.
Anna Jarvis thought mothers should be honored with expressions of love and respect.
Professor Robert Thompson at Syracuse University in New York state is an expert on American popular culture. Fifty or sixty years ago, he says, the popular media image of mothers was the so-called perfect mother.
This was a woman who gave all her time to her husband, home and children. Many women in society felt pressure to try to be this kind of mother.
Like many observers, Professor Thompson uses the example of the imaginary June Cleaver, the mother on "Leave It to Beaver." That was a TV series from nineteen fifty-seven to nineteen sixty-three.
The Cleavers were a happy family. June Cleaver always had time and patience for her two sons, Wally and "Beaver." His real name was Theodore. And if there was ever a problem she could not handle, her husband put things right.
The same was true on another nineteen fifties television show. The name said it all: "Father Knows Best."
A different image, though, could be found in films like the nineteen forty-eight motion picture "I Remember Mama." It was set in San Francisco, California, in nineteen ten.
It was about a family that came from Norway. The Hansons were poor and they struggled to make their way in their new land.
Mama Hanson, played by actress Irene Dunne, had little education. But she knew a lot about dealing with people. She guides her family.
Mama hates "going to the bank" -- she means borrowing money. But she also recognizes the importance of staying in school. We listen as Mama and her family are sitting around the table, counting money.
MAMA: "Yah, is all for this week. Is good. We do not have to go to the bank."
SON: "Mama, mama, I'll be graduating from Valley School next month. Could I -- could I go into high, do you think?"
MAMA: "You want to go to high school?"
SON: "Well, I'd like to, very much, if you think I could."
MAMA: "Is good."
"I Remember Mama" earned Irene Dunne an Academy Award nomination for best actress of nineteen forty-eight.
Two years later, in the lighthearted film "Cheaper by the Dozen," Myrna Loy played Lillian Gilbreth, a mother of twelve. The father is an efficiency expert, an expert in doing things better and faster.
Lillian Gilbreth obeys her husband, or at least appears to. But she also has a mind of her own.
At one point, the husband, played by Clifton Webb, plays a joke on their son Bill. The father honks the horn just as the boy crosses in front of their car. Bill jumps. His father laughs and says the boy jumped six and nine-tenths inches.
A little later, Bill plays the same joke on his father. This time his father does not laugh.
The mother has to save Bill from getting punished and, in the process, she teaches her husband a lesson.
FATHER: "Who did that?"
BILL: "Uh, that was a good joke on you, Dad."
FATHER: "Listen, young man. There's a time and a place for jokes and a time and place for spankings. And the sooner you learn -- get out. Get out!"
MOTHER: "Mercy Maude, Frank, I'll bet you jumped six and nine-tenths inches that time."
FATHER: "You're right, son. That was a good joke on me. By jingo, I'll bet I did jump six and nine-tenths inches. Oh these kids, these kids."
(HORN SOUNDS AGAIN)
MOTHER: "Excuse me, dear, I did it. It was accidental."
The Gilbreths were a real family. "Cheaper by the Dozen" was the name of a book written by two of the twelve children.
Their mother, Lillian, was a psychologist and herself an expert in the area of industrial management. In fact, Lillian Moller Gilbreth is known as the mother of modern management.
A woman who graduated from a women's college in nineteen fifty-three remembers hearing her as a graduation speaker. She remembers Lillian Gilbreth urging the young women to have full lives, with professions if they wanted them.
When Lillian Gilbreth received her doctorate in psychology, she already had four young children who attended the ceremony.
Over the years, as mothers and American women in general became more independent, more and more of them entered the job market. They did so by choice or because of financial need or both.
Pop culture expert Robert Thompson says the changes could be seen in film and television as well. For example, working women used to be shown mostly as nurses or teachers, because those were the jobs that many held in real life.
But these days, whatever new jobs are written into movies or TV shows, some images of mothers are timeless. One is the image of the overprotective mother who gets too involved in her child's life, even after the child grows up.
Diane Keaton plays just such a mother, a single mom named Daphne, in the two thousand seven film "Because I Said So." Mandy Moore plays her daughter.
Daphne is supposed to be seen as one of those moms who mean well even if they make their kids crazy. MAGGIE: "Mom, you have to leave her alone."
DAPHNE: "Fine, but I just want you girls to understand something about motherhood. It's the most impossible love. You tell me when it ends. You tell me when it stops!"
VOICE ONE:
For years, almost all leading movie and television stars, male or female, were white. Activists say members of racial and ethnic minority groups are still not well represented enough.
But the social gains that minorities made in the nineteen sixties and seventies led the way to shows like "The Jeffersons." This was a comedy on CBS television from nineteen seventy-five to nineteen eighty-five. It about a newly wealthy black family that moved into a New York City high-rise with mostly white neighbors.
One of the most popular TV shows ever was "The Cosby Show," on NBC from nineteen eighty-four to nineteen ninety-two. It starred Bill Cosby as Cliff Huxtable and Phylicia Rashad as his wife, Clair.
He was a doctor and she was a lawyer. The Huxtables were presented as a strong, loving, successful African-American family. Still, pop culture expert Robert Thompson notes that Clair Huxtable was often shown more as a wife and mother than as a successful lawyer.
"Mississippi Masala" was a nineteen ninety-one film about an ethnic Indian family exiled from Uganda when Idi Amin comes to power. The family lives in Mississippi, in the American South.
Daughter Meena is in love with a black American named Demetrius, played by Denzel Washington. Their parents strongly disapprove.
The family decides to return to Uganda, but Meena does not want to go. She calls her parents to tell them she is running away with Demetrius. Her mother, played by Sharmila Tagore, recognizes that they have to let their daughter lead her own life.
MEENA: "Ma, I'm not coming back. I'm sorry, but I can't go to Uganda. What would I do there?"
FATHER: "Are you alone?"
MEENA: "No, I'm with Demetrius. Pa, are you there? Ma, I'm sorry, I'm really sorry. Why did he put the phone down?"
MOTHER: "I'll talk to your father."
Our program was written by Jerilyn Watson and produced by Caty Weaver. I'm Steve Ember. And I'm Barbara Klein. Transcripts and audio archives of our programs are on the Internet at voaspecialenglish.com. Be sure to join us again next week for THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English. We leave you with a song from a classic film from nineteen sixty-seven. It was about a relationship between a recent college graduate and what popular culture today would call a "hot mom" -- a sexy older woman. The young man feels regret, which only grows as he falls in love with her daughter. The actress who played the mother was Anne Bancroft, the lover was Dustin Hoffman and the movie was "The Graduate."
Mother's Day
By Shelley Gollust Sunday,7 May, 2001
오디오 자료 없음
May Thirteenth, is Mother's Day in America. It is a day when millions of Americans honor their mothers in many different ways. I'm Shirley Griffith.And I'm Steve Ember. The story of Mother's Day is our report today on the VOA Special English program, THIS IS AMERICA.(MUSIC BRIDGE)Mother's Day is the day when people express the love and thanks they feel for their mother. They give her gifts. They send her a greeting card. They buy her flowers. And they take her out to dinner.
Mother's Day has been a national celebration in the United States for more than eighty years. The idea of honoring mothers is much older than that. Ancient civilizations in what is now Turkey honored the goddess Cybele. In their belief system, she was the mother of all the gods. The belief in Cybele spread to the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. Many centuries later, celebrations to honor mothers were held in other countries, too.During the Eighteen-Hundreds, a number of Americans organized local celebrations to honor mothers. It took a long time,however, to gain support for a national celebration. The person most responsible for doing this was Anna Jarvis.
Miss Jarvis began her effort in the early Nineteen-Hundreds. She wrote thousands of letters to congressmen, city officials, teachers, and newspaper publishers. She traveled across the country to gain support for her idea.
In Nineteen-Fourteen, President Woodrow Wilson and Congress agreed that the second Sunday in May should be observed as Mother's Day in America.Anna Jarvis wanted Mother's Day to be a simple event. She thought children could honor their mothers with small acts of kindness. She did not want Mother's Day to become a time for businesses to make a lot of money. But her efforts to prevent this from happening did not succeed. The day has become a major money-making event for gift stores, flower stores, the greeting card industry, and telephone companies.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))Today, millions of Americans observe Mother's Day in some way. They buy more than one-hundred-fifty million Mother's Day greeting cards. Companies produce more than one-thousand different kinds. Most of the cards show pictures of flowers or hearts or other things that people feel are linked to being a mother. They have messages that express a person's love and thanks for his or her mother. Some are humorous. And some have no words -- people can express their own feelings for their mother.Many people give flowers for Mother's Day. It is one of the busiest days of the year for the flower industry. Even Americans who live far away from their mothers can send flowers.
They order and pay for the flowers at a local flower store. The local store places a telephone call or sends a fax message to a flower store in a faraway city. And that store carries the flowers to the person's mother in that city.Many people have written songs about mothers and Mother's Day. Here is a song called "Mother's Day." It was written and is performed by Rick Margitza.
((TAPE CUT 1: "MOTHER'S DAY))Americans spend millions of dollars to buy Mother's Day gifts. Stores begin major advertising campaigns several weeks before the holiday. Clothes, sweet-smelling perfume, and jewelry are popular traditional gifts. Candy also is very popular. But Mother's Day gifts can be imaginative, too. Many mothers like to receive books or sports equipment or tickets to the theater.Mother's Day is a time for young children to do special things for their mother. Some will make a special gift or draw a special picture. Maybe they will play this special song on the piano. It is called "My Dear Little Mother." It was written by Russian composer Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky in the Eighteen-Hundreds. The music shows how he felt about his mother. Here, it is performed by Carol Rosenberger.
((TAPE CUT 2: "MY DEAR LITTLE MOTHER"))One family activity on Mother's Day is to have the children cook the early morning meal. Then they serve the food to their mother while she is still in bed. Or they might clean the house so she does not have to do it. Fathers might take care of the children that day so the mother can rest or take a walk or read a book. Many mothers feel that this free time on their special day is a very good Mother's Day gift.The day is an important time for family gatherings. Some families get together to honor all members who are mothers: grandmothers, aunts, sisters, and cousins. Many people who cannot spend the day with their mother call them on the telephone. Mother's Day is one of the busiest days of the year for America's telephone companies. More than one-hundred-twenty-five million sons and daughters will telephone their mother on Sunday.Other families will get together for a meal at a local eating place. This means that mothers do not have to cook on their special day. Going out to dinner has become a tradition on Mother's Day. More than thirty-percent of Americans do it. As a result, restaurants are extremely crowded that day. It has become one of the busiest days of the year for the restaurant industry in the United States.Another Mother's Day activity is to go to a music concert. One of the songs people might hear is this one, "Songs My Mother Taught Me." It is by the Czech composer Antonin Dvorak ['DVAWR ZHAHK]. It is performed by violinist Itzhak Perlman.
((TAPE CUT 3: "SONGS MY MOTHER TAUGHT ME"))Mothers are not the only members of the family who have a special day. In June, Americans will celebrate Father's Day. It is a much newer celebration. President Richard Nixon declared Father's Day a national observance in the early Nineteen-Seventies.
There also is a special day to honor grandparents in the United States. It is in September. It is a day when children are urged to talk with -- and learn from -- older people.For now, we want to wish all mothers, everywhere, a "Happy Mother's Day." Here is Dick Hyman playing the song "Let Every Day Be Mother's Day."
((TAPE CUT 4: "LET EVERY DAY BE MOTHER'S DAY"))This program was written by Shelley Gollust. It was produced and directed by Lawan Davis. I'm Shirley Griffith.And I'm Steve Ember. Join us again next week for another report about life in the United States on the VOA Special English program THIS IS AMERICA.
Mother's Day Cards Mix Tradition With a Bow To Changing Times
By Nancy Beardsley
Washington DC 06 May 2005
오디오 자료 없음
Whether they show their appreciation with candy, flowers or dinner at a restaurant this Mother's Day, many Americans will also say thanks with a greeting card.
The search starts at least a week before Mother's Day every year, as shoppers crowd around card displays across the country, looking for the sentiment that is just right for the mother -- or mothers -- in their lives. Mother's Day is the third biggest holiday for card buying in the United States, according to Deidre Parkes, a spokesperson for Hallmark, a leading American producer of greeting cards. "It ranks behind Christmas and Valentine's Day, which means that Americans will send about 150 million Mother's Day cards this year," says Ms. Parkes.
For Hallmark, that means lots of advance planning. "We usually work 12 to 18 months in advance," Deidre Parkes says. "I believe Mother's Day 2006 has already been planned, and a lot goes into that. We look at trends and all kinds of things going on, so we make sure that by the time they hit the stores we've got the appropriate products."
In recent years that has come to mean expanding the very definition of motherhood. "The family is changing from mom, dad and the 2.5 kids to extended families, step families, adoption," says Ms. Parkes. "So Hallmark now makes cards for stepmothers, birth mothers, as well as adoptive mothers, even for fathers who have played the role of both father and mother. Mother's Day is all about recognizing the role of that person who has been a nurturer, so that role doesn't necessarily fall to just a biological mother. It can extend to all kinds of different people."
An American woman named Anna Jarvis is credited with conceiving the idea for Mother's Day. She wanted a special occasion to honor her own mother. In 1914, Mother's Day became an official holiday to be observed yearly on the second Sunday in May. By the 1920s, Deidre Parkes says Hallmark had begun making greeting cards for the occasion. "We have continued to do that over the years," she says, "to respond to the demand of consumers who say, 'Maybe I don't verbalize to my mother that I love her, but I want to put it into writing and share it with her.' We did a survey recently and asked mothers what they do with their Mother's Day cards, and there was a tremendous number, maybe 80% of mothers, who say they keep every Mother's Day card they get." Deidre Parkes describes the first Mother's Day cards as simple and traditional, saying little more than just 'Happy Mother's Day.' While they may have gotten more elaborate over the years, they continue to be heartfelt expressions of thanks. "Our humor line doesn't perform very well, compared to the sentimental cards," says Ms. Parkes. "We have this saying at Hallmark that you make Dad laugh and you make Mom cry at Mother's Day. The cards are really there to just tell Mom you love her, because I don't think we do that enough."
Mother's Day cards have become more multicultural over the years. "In the Hispanic and Latino population, Mother's Day is the number one holiday," Deidre Parkes explains. "They hold their mothers in very high regard, and this day is very important to them. We've expanded our Spanish language cards so we're sure to have cards for that market. We also have African American cards, so we make sure there is pretty much something for everybody." Hallmark also sells Mother's Day cards outside the United States. "Mother's Day is celebrated in different forms around the world," Ms. Parkes notes. "Not all of them celebrate the second Sunday in May, but there is in almost every country a day set aside to honor mothers."
And how well are traditional greeting cards competing with the Internet, where you can press a few buttons and send your mother an E-mail greeting? Deidre Parkes believes that while electronic communication is great for a quick message, it cannot take the place of a card that arrives by mail or is delivered by hand, read, then tucked away in a drawer to be taken out and appreciated years later.
Mother's Day 유래 [5/11 음악이 있는 곳에]
2003.05.12 09:00
오디오 자료 없음
한국에서 5월 8일은 '어버이 날'입니다. 미국에서도 어버이 날이 있지만, 한국과는 달이 5월의 두번째 일요일을 'mother's day', 6월의 세번째 일요일을 'father's day'로 어머니, 아버지 날을 각기 정해서 축하하고 있습니다.
Mother's Day는 전 세계 여러 국가들이 기념하고 있지만, 날짜가 같지는 않습니다.
어떤 역사학자들은 이날이 고대 그리스와 로마의 봄 페스티발에서부터 시작되었다고도 말하고 있지만, 근대 Mother's Day는 17세기 영국에서 처음 시작되었습니다.
미국에서는 Julia Ward Howe라는 작가가 1872년 처음으로 Mother's Day를 제안했었는데, 당시엔 부모님을 위한 날이 아닌 평화를 기념하기 위해 이 날을 축하하자고 했었습니다.
오늘날 같은 Mother's Day는 Anna Jarvis라는 한 미국 여성에 의해 시작되었습니다.
Jarvis는 일찍 돌아가신 어머니를 그리워 하며, 모든 아이들이 어머니가 살아계실 때 서로 사랑을 나누어야 한다고 생각했고, 그래서 어머니 날 가족의 중요성을 다같이 생각하기를 바랬습니다.
이런 Jarvis의 노력으로 1913년 당시의 윌슨 대통령에 의해 5월 두번째 일요일이 Mother's Day로 선포되었습니다.
출처: Voice Of America
